What does PONV mean?
What does PONV mean?
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a patient-important outcome; patients often rate PONV as worse than postoperative pain [1]. PONV usually resolves or is treated without sequelae, but may require unanticipated hospital admission and delay recovery room discharge [2,3].
How can I reduce PONV?
These include:
- Reduce the opioid requirement. NSAIDs can help eliminate or reduce the need for opioids, which are known to cause PONV.
- Consider propofol anesthesia.
- Avoid other emetogenic agents.
- Ensure adequate hydration.
What is Apfel risk score?
Apfel simplified risk score (SRS) is one of the most commonly-used risk assessment tools consisting of four important patient-specific independent predictors for PONV risk, namely gender, history of PONV/motion sickness, non- smoker, and use of post-operative opioids (Gan et al., 2014).
What is emetogenic surgery?
FIGURE PONV = postoperative nausea and vomiting; Emetogenic surgery = surgery with a high risk for PONV e.g., intra-abdominal surgery, gynecologic surgery, breast surgery, strabismus surgery, and ENT surgery.
What are the symptoms of vomiting?
A person with nausea has the sensation that vomiting may occur. Other signs that you are about to vomit include gagging, retching, choking, involuntary stomach reflexes, the mouth filling with saliva (to protect the teeth from stomach acid), and the need to move or bend over.
What is an Apfel score PONV?
The simplified Apfel-score includes the four factors female gender, no smoking, postoperative use of opioides and previous PONV or motion-sickness in patients’ history. Each of these risk factors is supposed to elevate the PONV-incidence about 20%.
What is emetogenic potential?
GLOSSARY. Emetogenicity: the propensity of an agent to cause nausea, vomiting or retching. High emetic potential: greater than 90% frequency of emesis in the absence of effective prophylaxis.
How is propofol an antiemetic?
It is concluded that propofol may have a serotonin antagonistic effect. Propofol decreased synaptic transmission in the olfactory cortex in an animal study, suggesting a decrease in the release of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate, which may be related to its antiemetic activity [14].
Which medication is used as an antiemetic?
Dopamine antagonists, such as metoclopramide (Reglan), domperidone (Motilium), and chlorpromazine, are amongst the most commonly used antiemetics, and they’re also indicated for postoperative nausea and motion sickness.
Which drug is highly emetogenic?
Table 2
| Emetogenic potential | Cytotoxic drug |
|---|---|
| High | Cisplatin |
| Cyclophosphamide | |
| Dacarbazine | |
| Mechloretamine |