What does Akt do in apoptosis?
What does Akt do in apoptosis?
Akt inhibits apoptosis induced by microinjection of cytochrome c and lysates from cells expressing active Akt inhibit cytochrome c induced caspase activation in a cell-free assay while lysates from Bcl-2–expressing cells have no effect.
Does Akt promote apoptosis?
In addition, the atypical nuclear expression of Akt can induce apoptosis by triggering unscheduled activation of the cell cycle-regulatory kinase Cdk2, either by direct phosphorylation or by induction of p27 degradation.
What pathways do we have during apoptosis?
The two main pathways of apoptosis are extrinsic and intrinsic as well as a perforin/granzyme pathway. Each requires specific triggering signals to begin an energy-dependent cascade of molecular events. Each pathway activates its own initiator caspase (8, 9, 10) which in turn will activate the executioner caspase-3.
Is Akt anti apoptotic?
In addition, AKT has an anti-apoptotic role by preventing the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria (42,43).
Is Akt pro apoptotic?
How does Akt promote cell survival?
Growth factors promote cell survival at least in part by activating the PI3K and its downstream target Akt. One function of Akt is to phosphorylate and inhibit proapoptotic components of the intrinsic cell death machinery present within the cytoplasm.
How is Akt inactivated?
PTEN remains active due to inactivation of its negative regulator Src-p60. The low levels of Src-p60 may also contribute to direct attenuation of PDK-1 activity. These effects will result in inactivation of Akt by loss of phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473.
How does PKB promote cell survival?
Akt/PKB plays important roles in the signaling pathways in response to growth factors and other extracellular stimuli to regulate several cellular functions including nutrient metabolism, cell growth, apoptosis and survival.
What is the end result of apoptosis?
HIV enzymes deactivate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2.
What are the various phases of apoptosis?
Apoptosis occurs in three different stages: early, mid, and late. Different stage-specific markers (left list) are activated/initiated at specific times within the apoptotic process and can be measured with associated assays (right list). Apoptosis is a reversible process up until the dotted line, which indicates the point of no return, where a cell reaching this point will always complete apoptosis.
What happens when apoptosis does not occur?
When cells have DNA damage but fail to undergo apoptosis, they may be on the road to cancer. Sometimes, pre-cancerous cells that have avoided internal apoptosis cues are detected by immune cells, which try to trigger apoptosis through an external signaling pathway.
What is apoptosis and why is it important Quizlet?
Growth