What does Pneumobilia mean?

Pneumobilia, or air within the biliary tree of the liver, suggests an abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the intestines, or infection by gas-forming bacteria. Pneumobilia usually can be distinguished from air in the portal venous system by its appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan.

What is malignant biliary obstruction?

Malignant biliary obstruction usually presents with painless jaundice, pruritus, and much less commonly signs and symptoms of infectious cholangitis such as fever and leukocytosis. Other features include dark urine resulting from increased bilirubin content, loss of weight and appetite, nausea, and vomiting.

What causes Aerobilia?

Abstract. Pneumobilia is defined as air within the biliary system. It is usually caused by an abnormal connection between the biliary gastrointestinal tracts. Persistent asymptomatic pneumobilia is a rare occurrence and is generally considered a benign finding on imaging.

What is a sphincterotomy surgery?

Lateral internal sphincterotomy is an operation to treat an anal fissure, a tear in the opening of the anus that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding. Anal fissures are caused by spasm of the anal muscles and can cause anal pain that can be quite severe, usually during and after a bowel movement.

What causes biliary obstruction?

Overall, gallstones are the most common cause of biliary obstruction. Other causes of blockage within the ducts include malignancy, infection, and biliary cirrhosis. External compression of the ducts may occur secondary to inflammation (eg, pancreatitis) and malignancy.

What is a Choledochoenterostomy?

[ kə-lĕd′ə-kō-ĕn′tə-rŏs′tə-mē ] n. The surgical formation of a communication between the common bile duct and any part of the intestine.

What is biliary enteric anastomosis?

Biliary-enteric anastomosis (BEA) is a common surgical procedure performed for the management of biliary obstruction or leakage that results from a variety of benign and malignant diseases.

What is Reynolds pentad?

Reynolds pentad is a collection of signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis obstructive ascending cholangitis, a serious infection of the biliary system. It is a combination of Charcot’s triad (right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and fever) with shock (low blood pressure, tachycardia) and an altered mental status.

What is cholelithiasis medical term?

Cholelithiasis is the name doctors sometimes call gallstones.

What is Choledocholithiasis vs cholelithiasis?

Cholelithiasis involves the presence of gallstones (see the image below), which are concretions that form in the biliary tract, usually in the gallbladder. Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of one or more gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD). Treatment of gallstones depends on the stage of disease.

Is MRCP the same as HIDA scan?

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography can be used to determine the cause and location of biliary obstruction but is limited in the detection of small stones and the evaluation of the biliary tract near the ampulla. HIDA is used to evaluate for cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, and bile leaks.