How do you calculate phenotypic variance?
How do you calculate phenotypic variance?
- phenotypic variance 2 P = 2G + 2E+ 2GxE
- additive variance 2 A = 2G + 2E
- heritability h2 = 2G / 2A = 2G / ( 2G + 2E)
What is the phenotypic variance?
Phenotypes can be caused by genes, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Phenotypic variation, then, is the variability in phenotypes that exists in a population. For example, people come in all shapes and sizes: height, weight, and body shape are phenotypes that vary.
What are the two components of phenotypic variation?
Environmental Variance and Phenotypic Plasticity Both general environmental variance and genotype by environment interaction are aspects of a characteristic known as phenotypic plasticity.
How do you calculate genetic variance from phenotypic variance?
Broad-sense heritability, H2 = VG/VP, Involves the proportion of phenotypic variation due to the effects of additive, dominance, and epistatic variance. Narrow-sense heritability, h2 = VA/VP, refers to the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to additive genetic values (VA).
What is the phenotypic variance of the F2 generation?
The F2 generation have a phenotype variance of 3.0 for the number of abdominal bristles.
What is VG and VE?
▪ Genetic variance (VG)– the variance among the mean phenotypes. of different genotypes. ▪ Environmental variance (VE)– the variance among phenotypes. expressed by replicate members of the same genotype.
What is phenotypic variation describe it?
Phenotypic variations may be caused by differences in long-term programming of gene function rather than variation in gene sequences per se, and studies of the basis for inter-individual phenotypic diversity should consider epigenetic variations in addition to genetic sequence polymorphisms.
How do you calculate phenotypes?
If n = the number of gene pairs, then (2n + 1) will determine the total number of categories of phenotypes. Note that genotype (fixed at fertilization) establishes the range in which a phenotype may fall, but environment influences how much genetic potential will be realized.
What is phenotypic value?
Phenotypic Value = the value observed when a. trait is measured on an individual. Genotypic Value = the average phenotype of. those carrying the specified genotype.
What causes phenotypic variation?
Differences in genotype (or genotypic variations) produce phenotypic variation. Genotypic variations are caused by mutations, gene flow, and sexual reproduction. Environmental conditions such as climate, availability of food, and interactions with other organisms can contribute to phenotypic variation.
How do you calculate phenotype percentage?
Count the total number of boxes in your Punnett Square. This gives you the total number of predicted offspring. Divide the (number of occurrences of the phenotype) by (the total number of offspring). Multiply the number from step 4 by 100 to get your percent.
How do you calculate phenotypic ratios?
Write the amount of homozygous dominant (AA) and heterozygous (Aa) squares as one phenotypic group. Count the amount of homozygous recessive (aa) squares as another group. Write the result as a ratio of the two groups. A count of 3 from one group and 1 from the other would give a ratio of 3:1.