Is the adenovirus icosahedral?

The adenovirus particle consists of an icosahedral protein shell surrounding a protein core that contains the linear, double-stranded DNA genome (Fig. 67-2).

What type of capsid does adenovirus have?

The adenovirus (Ad) is a non-enveloped, dsDNA virus whose outer shell of the icosahedral-shaped capsid is comprises three major types of proteins: hexon, penton base and fiber (Figure 1).

What is the canine adenovirus types 1 & 2?

Disease Overview Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is related to the hepatitis virus, canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1). CAV-2 is used in vaccines to provide protection against canine infectious hepatitis. CAV-2 is also one of the causes of infectious tracheobronchitis, also known as canine cough.

What type of virus is canine adeno associated virus?

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a helper-dependent parvovirus which has not been linked with human disease. This aspect, in combination with its broad cell and tissue tropism, and limited viral host response has made it an attractive vector system for gene therapy.

What are icosahedral viruses?

Icosahedral. These viruses appear spherical in shape, but a closer look actually reveals they are icosahedral. The icosahedron is made up of equilateral triangles fused together in a spherical shape. This is the most optimal way of forming a closed shell using identical protein sub-units.

What is the shape of adenovirus?

The adenoviral capsid has the shape of a rounded icosahedron (a polyhedron with 12 vertices, 20 faces, and 30 edges), and each vertex has a spike that allows the virus to interact with the surface of a host cell [5]. Packed inside this capsid lies the adenovirus genome.

What shape does the adenoviruses have?

What is the difference between adenovirus 1 and adenovirus 2?

An essential difference between canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 is that, whereas canine adenovirus 1 causes systemic disease, canine adenovirus 2 infection results only in restricted respiratory disease.

What is the adenovirus type 2?

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) causes respiratory disease in dogs and is one of the infectious agents commonly associated with canine infectious tracheobronchitis, which is also known as kennel cough. Canine infectious tracheobronchitis is usually spread from dog to dog through coughing.

Is adenovirus lytic or lysogenic?

Species C adenoviruses typically establish a lytic infection in human epithelial cells and produce progeny virus as soon as 12 h postinfection (hpi). During such a lytic infection, cell proliferation ceases and the infected cells die within a few days (2).

What is a icosahedral capsid?

Most viruses have icosahedral or helical capsid structure, although a few have complex virion architecture. An icosahedron is a geometric shape with 20 sides, each composed of an equilateral triangle, and icosahedral viruses increase the number of structural units in each face to expand capsid size.

What is icosahedral capsid symmetry?

Capsids with icosahedral symmetry are often described by a “triangulation number”, and the total number of subunits contained within the capsid is a multiple of 60. For example, a T = 1 virus has 60 subunits, a T = 3 virus has 180 subunits, T = 4 has 240 subunits, etc.

Is adenovirus rod shaped?

The trimeric fiber protein protrudes from the penton base at each of the 12 vertices of the capsid and is a knobbed rod-like structure. The most remarkable and obvious difference in the surface of adenovirus capsids compared to that of most other icosahedral viruses is the presence of the long, thin fiber protein (Fig.

What is k9 adenovirus?

Can dogs get adenovirus hemorrhagic disease?

The southern or domestic biotype circulates between dogs and domestic ungulates, especially sheep. It is endemic in most sheep raising areas of the world. In the United States, the northern biotype of Echinococcus granulosus has been found in several states including Wyoming.

How is canine adenovirus 2 treated?

Treatment of CAV-2 infection is typically limited to supportive care, which may consist of fluids, rest, and antibiotics to treat secondary infections that may develop. A vaccine is available to prevent CAV-2 infection.

What is AAV capsid?

The protein shell (capsid) of Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are presently the most promising delivery vehicles for various in vivo gene therapies. AAVs are non-pathogenic and, through past engineering efforts, have become safe due to their inability to integrate into and damage the genome of target cells.