What are the effects of corticosteroid therapy?

Increased risk of infections, especially with common bacterial, viral and fungal microorganisms. Thinning bones (osteoporosis) and fractures. Suppressed adrenal gland hormone production that may result in a variety of signs and symptoms, including severe fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and muscle weakness.

What is the important potential complication of corticosteroid therapy?

From the Department of Pediatrics, Maricopa County General Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz. The complications of corticosteroid therapy in children are protean. Perhaps the most important of these are adrenal insufficiency after withdrawal of steroids, immunosuppression, and growth failure.

What are the long term effects of corticosteroid therapy?

Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations.

How many important adverse effects are there for corticosteroids?

[1] The most common adverse effects of corticosteroids include osteoporosis and fractures, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, Cushingoid features, diabetes and hyperglycemia, myopathy, glaucoma and cataracts, psychiatric disturbances, immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease.

What is one complication with the chronic use of corticosteroids that may influence the outcome of periodontal therapy?

Corticosteroids can affect the consistency of alveolar bone, causing its osteoporotic alteration related to reduction of osteoblasts and amount of osteoid matrix. As a result, there is decrease of the height of alveolar bone and fibrous transformation of the periodontal space [5].

What are the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids?

Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy (Prednisone, Decadron, Hydrocortisone) Adverse Effects

Affected Body Part	Side Effect
Bone	Decreased bone density/ avascular necrosis (most commonly in head of femur)
Eye	Cataracts/Glaucoma
Skin Changes	Skin fragility/bruising/hirsutism
Gastrointestinal	Gastritis

What are the effects of corticosteroids in diabetes?

Can steroids lead to diabetes? One of the side effects of oral corticosteroids is that they can increase blood glucose levels and increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.

Which of the following is a common complication of prolonged systemic corticosteroid treatment?

Osteoporosis, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, Cushing’s syndrome, psychiatric disturbances and immunosuppression are among the more serious side effects noted with systemic corticosteroid therapy, particularly when used at high doses for prolonged periods.

Why corticosteroids are contraindicated in hypertension?

The principal mechanism of corticosteroid- induced hypertension is the overstimula- tion of the mineralocorticoid receptor, resulting in sodium retention in the kidney. This results in volume expansion and a subsequent increase in blood pressure. Corticosteroid-induced hypertension may respond to diuretic therapy.

How does cortisone increase blood glucose levels?

Basically, the steroids spike glucose levels by making the liver more resistant to insulin — i.e., insulin resistance , in which the body responds less effectively to insulin and that leads to higher blood sugars.

Do steroids raise heart rate?

Prednisone may cause what is known as tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute.

How do corticosteroids suppress the immune system?

How do steroids work? Steroids work by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system. Inflammation is a process in which the body’s white blood cells and chemicals can protect against infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses.

How do corticosteroids treat autoimmune diseases?

How do corticosteroids act in autoimmunity? Corticosteroids induce a transient lymphocytopenia by altering lymphocyte recirculation. They also induce lymphocyte death. The most important immunosuppressive effect of corticosteroids is on T cell activation, by inhibition of cytokine and effect or molecule production.

Who should avoid using corticosteroids?

liver disease. type 2 diabetes. underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism. glaucoma.

Why are steroids contraindicated in heart failure?

For patients who have a medical condition that makes them sensitive to fluid overloads, such as heart failure, corticosteroids can worsen their condition. Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Corticosteroids may increase the risk of having a myocardial infarction (MI), which is also known as a heart attack.

Do corticosteroids cause hypoglycemia?

However, there is a risk of hypoglycemia when corticosteroid doses are reduced, and this risk is very high when a nocturnal dose of corticosteroids is removed.

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