What does interferon-gamma activate?

A primary role for IFN-γ is the activation of macrophages to increase phagocytosis, tumoricidal properties, and intracellular killing of pathogens, particularly bacteria and fungi. IFN-γ induces macrophage production of a variety of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates.

Which cells are activated by interferon-gamma?

IFN‐γ is primarily secreted by activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and can promote macrophage activation, mediate antiviral and antibacterial immunity, enhance antigen presentation, orchestrate activation of the innate immune system, coordinate lymphocyte–endothelium interaction, regulate Th1/Th2 balance.

How does interferon-gamma activate macrophages?

The priming effect of IFN-γ can promote macrophages to secrete higher level of proinflammatory cytokines but lower level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing microbicidal and tumoricidal activity of macrophages.

What is the interferon pathway?

The interferon (IFN) pathway plays a critical role in the human immune response. Following viral infection, the human body triggers a complex regulatory system of innate and adaptive immune responses designed to defend against the virus.

Is gamma interferon the same as QuantiFERON?

QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) is a simple blood test that aids in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria which causes tuberculosis (TB). QFT is an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay, commonly known as an IGRA, and is a modern alternative to the tuberculin skin test (TST, PPD or Mantoux).

How do you read IGRA results?

A positive test result suggests that M. tuberculosis infection is likely; a negative result suggests that infection is unlikely. An indeterminate result indicates an uncertain likelihood of M. tuberculosis infection.

What does positive IGRA test mean?

A positive IGRA test means that you have been infected with tuberculosis. This does not mean that you are ill. It is believed that approximately 1/3 of the world’s population are IGRA positive without suffering from tuberculosis, meaning they have what is called latent tuberculosis infection.

What is the difference between T spot and QuantiFERON?

The T-SPOT. TB test detects individual memory T cells that produce IFN-γ in response to M. tuberculosis antigens, using the enzyme-linked immunospot technique. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold test measures IFN-γ in the supernatant of antigen-stimulated cells by enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Does IFN-gamma activate neutrophils?

IFN-γ inhibits CD4+ T cell production of IL-17, which regulates neutrophil recruitment. In addition, IFN-γ directly inhibits pathogenic neutrophil accumulation in the infected lung and impairs neutrophil survival. Regulation of neutrophils is important because their accumulation is detrimental to the host.

What do the interferons alpha beta and gamma have in common?

What do the interferons alpha, beta, and gamma have in common? They all impart viral resistance to cells.

What does positive IGRA mean?

What is the production of human interferon gamma?

Production. Recombinant human interferon gamma, as an expensive biopharmaceutical, has been expressed in different expression systems including prokaryotic, protozoan, fungal (yeasts), plant, insect and mammalian cells. Human interferon gamma is commonly expressed in Escherichia coli, marketed as ACTIMMUNE®, however,…

What is the role of interferon gamma during normal murine pregnancy?

“Interferon gamma contributes to initiation of uterine vascular modification, decidual integrity, and uterine natural killer cell maturation during normal murine pregnancy”. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 192 (2): 259–70. doi: 10.1084/jem.192.2.259.

What is the interferon gamma release assay for tuberculosis?

Those reports also contained the basic observation underlying the now widely employed interferon gamma release assay used to test for tuberculosis. In humans, the IFNγ protein is encoded by the IFNG gene.

Does mammalian expressed-recombinant interferon gamma improve therapeutic efficacy against ovarian cancer cells?

“Improved therapeutic efficacy of mammalian expressed-recombinant interferon gamma against ovarian cancer cells”. Experimental Cell Research. 359 (1): 20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.014.