What does the atrioventricular canal develop into?

The atrioventricular canal is divided into the four cardiac chambers by complete formation of the lower interatrial septum, the upper interventricular septum, and the endocardial cushions between the atria and ventricles.

What forms endocardial cushion?

The valves of the heart develop in the embryo from precursor structures called endocardial cushions. After cardiac looping, endocardial cushion swellings form and become populated by valve precursor cells formed by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

What is complete AV canal defect?

Complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) defect is a severe congenital heart disease in which there is a large hole in the tissue (the septum) that separates the left and right sides of the heart. The hole is in the center of the heart, where the upper chambers where the upper chambers and lower chambers meet.

What is a transitional AV canal?

A transitional canal consists of a primum ASD, a restrictive (small) ventricular septal defect, and a cleft MV. It is thought to result from the abnormal development of the endocardial cushions, which contributes to portions of the atrial and ventricular septum and the septal leaflets of the AV valves.

What is endocardial cushion defect called?

Endocardial Cushion Defect (also called atrioventricular ( AV ) canal or septal defects)

What is a common AV canal?

In a complete AV canal, both the right and left atrium connect to the ventricles via a common (single) AV valve instead of two discrete (tricuspid and mitral) AV valves. There are deficiencies in both the atrial (primum ASD) and ventricular (inlet VSD) septum.

What is the most common heart defect in Down syndrome?

What Are the Most Common Heart Defects in Children With Down Syndrome? The most common defects are Atrioventricular Septal Defect (formally called Endocardial Cushion Defect), Ventricular Septal Defect, Persistent Ductus Arteriosus and Tetralogy of Fallot.