What is Acridinium ester?

Acridinium dimethylphenyl esters are highly sensitive chemiluminescent labels that are used in clinical diagnostics. Light emission from these labels is triggered with alkaline peroxide in the presence of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC).

What is a Acridinium Labelled conjugate?

Abstract. Chemiluminescent acridinium dimethylphenyl esters are highly sensitive labels that are used in automated assays for clinical diagnosis. Light emission from these labels and their conjugates is triggered by treatment with alkaline peroxide. Conjugation of acridinium ester labels is normally done at the phenol.

How does chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay work?

The enzymes used in chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay convert a substrate to a reaction product, which emits a photon of light instead of developing a particular colour. Luminescence means that light is emitted by a substance when it returns from an excited state to a ground state.

How does chemiluminescence immunoassay work?

Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) is an assay that combine chemiluminescence technique with immunochemical reactions. Similar with other labeled immunoassays (RIA, FIA, ELISA), CLIA utilize chemical probes which could generate light emission through chemical reaction to label the antibody.

What are three examples of chemiluminescence?

Bioluminescence. Bioluminescence is a form of chemiluminescence that occurs in living organisms, such as fireflies, some fungi, many marine animals, and some bacteria.

What is the principle of chemiluminescence?

Principle. Chemiluminescence relies on the reaction of NO with ozone. The chemical oxidation of NO by ozone yields nitrogen dioxide in an excited state. Relaxation from this excited state produces distinctive light emission (chemiluminescence) that is directly proportional to NO concentration.

What is a label in immunoassay?

Labeled Immunoassay. Immunoassays employ a variety of different labels to allow detection of antibodies and antigens. Labels are typically chemical-linked or conjugated to the desired antibody or antigen.

What indicator is used in chemiluminescent immunoassays?

Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) is an immunoassay technique where the label, i.e. the true “indicator” of the analytic reaction, is a luminescent molecule.

How is chemiluminescence measured?

Photons, packets of light, emitted from bioluminescent and chemiluminescent reactions are typically measured using a luminometer. Luminometers are simple, relatively inexpensive instruments designed to measure sample light output.

What does the color of chemiluminescence mean?

A variety of microorganisms also use bioluminescence to communicate with each other. The most common colors emitted by marine life and bacteria are green and blue, because they tend to have a short wavelength compared to red. In addition, blue and green colors can be transmitted more easily in water.

How do you label an antibody?

Two types of labeling methods are commonly used depending on what part of the antibody is labeled. The first is to label the amino groups (NH2 groups) of the antibody (the NH2 type), and the second is to label the thiol groups (SH groups) (the SH type). Each method has advantages and disadvantages.

What type of labels are used in immunologic tests?

The most commonly used enzyme labels are horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase.