What is Ectosymbiosis in biology?

Ectosymbiosis is a form of symbiotic behavior in which a parasite lives on the body surface of the host, including internal surfaces such as the lining of the digestive tube and the ducts of glands.

Is Wolbachia an endosymbiont?

pipiens [7], Wolbachia is a widespread endosymbiont among arthropods with an estimated prevalence ranging from 20 to around 75%, according to different studies [38, 70].

What is endosymbiotic theory state?

The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.

Is amensalism and antibiosis same?

Antibiosis is an important type of amensalism where one of the species is killed by a chemical secretion while the other remains unaffected. The term antibiosis is derived from the French term ‘antibiose’ to define the antagonistic relationship between species colonizing similar ecological niches.

What is the difference between Wolbachia bacteria in insects and parasitic worms?

In filaria, Wolbachia are required for normal development, fertility and survival, whereas in arthropods, they are largely parasitic and can influence development and reproduction, but are generally not required for host survival.

What does Wolbachia do in nematodes?

In onchocercid nematodes, Wolbachia has a mutual association in which it is involved in embryogenesis, moulting, growth and survival [16] of the filariae, and it has been hypothesised that the worm provides essential aminoacids for bacterial growth [17].

Why mitochondria is called as endosymbiont of a cell?

The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria (and chloroplasts) suggests that mitochondria are descended from specialized bacteria (probably purple nonsulfur bacteria) that somehow survived endocytosis by another species of prokaryote or some other cell type, and became incorporated into the cytoplasm.