What is Martin Gruber syndrome?
What is Martin Gruber syndrome?
It is an anomalous pattern of innervation occurring between the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm. In a Martin-Gruber anastomosis, a crossover of axons from the anterior interosseous nerve (the exclusively motor branch of the median nerve) to the ulnar nerve in the forearm usually occurs.
What cord gives rise to Musculocutaneous?
lateral cord
The musculocutaneous nerve arises directly from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (Figure 31–8). In the upper arm, it pierces the coracobrachialis muscle to run in the fascia between the biceps and brachialis muscles.
What nerves make up Musculocutaneous nerve?
The musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) is completely formed by the lateral cord and provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis muscles.
What is the most common Martin Gruber anastomosis?
Types of Martin Gruber Anastomosis Type II is most common and type III is the least common type.
What does musculocutaneous nerve supply?
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis. It is also responsible for cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm.
What is riche Cannieu anastomosis?
Amongst these, the Riche–Cannieu anastomosis (RCA) is a connection between the ulnar nerve and median motor nerve in the palm. Presence of this can sometimes be misdiagnosed as a severe median mononeuropathy at the wrist/carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
What is the arcade of Struthers?
Conclusion. The arcade of Struthers is a musculoaponeurotic canal that represents an important site of entrapment or compression of the ulnar nerve. The arcade, the intermuscular septum, and the internal brachial ligament should be released in patients submitted to ulnar nerve anterior transposition surgery.
What causes musculocutaneous nerve damage?
Injuries to the musculocutaneous nerve are associated with weakness of arm flexion and sensory loss along the lateral forearm. In children, musculocutaneous neuropathies are rare and generally caused by compressive or overuse injuries, or are associated with HNPP.
Does everyone have an arcade of Struthers?
Results. The arcade of Struthers was identified in 40 dissected arms (100%). In 29 (72.5%) the ulnar nerve was covered by a muscular arcade, in nine (22.5%) by an aponeurotic arcade, and in two (5%) the arcade was beneath the ulnar nerve.
What happens if musculocutaneous nerve is damaged?
Damage to this nerve can result in problems with the tissues in innervates, including: Loss of sensation in the skin on the front side of the forearm. Weakened flexion at the shoulder and elbow. Weakened rotation of the arm.
What is the arcade or Froshe?
The arcade of Frohse (pronounced “\ˈfʁoːzə \”) is also known as the supinator arch. The arcade is formed by a fibrous band between the two heads of the supinator muscle. The deep branch of the radial nerve passes beneath the arcade accompanied by vessels known as the leash of Henry.
How common is ligament of Struthers?
2, 3, 4 Its occurrence in humans is very rare, being observed in 0.7% to 2.5% of the population. 2, 5 However, there is no dispute as to the existence of this ligament. In contrast, the arcade of Struthers was first described in 1973 by Kane et al.