What is the detector of radioactive nuclei?

Geiger Counter: The detector most common to the public is the Geiger-Mueller counter, commonly called the Geiger counter. It uses a gas-filled tube with a central wire at high voltage to collect the ionization produced by incident radiation.

Why is thallium used in NaI detector?

The doping of the NaI crystal with thallium improves the scintillation efficiency by improving the light emission due to the improved recombination by light emission of electrons and holes at the dopant site.

What is NaI TL crystal?

Sodium Iodide (Tl) – NaI(Tl) – is a well established and the most extensively used scintillator. It is used for detecting gamma rays of low and intermediate energies. It has a high level of optical output and relatively inexpensive. It is available in both single crystal and polycrystalline formats.

What is detector efficiency?

“Detection efficiency” is defined as the ratio of the output signals to incident electrons, X-rays or photons to a detector (input signals). A detector with high detection efficiency meets various requirements, such as high conversion efficiency from input to output, short dead time, and low noise.

How does a NaI TL detector work?

NaI(Tl) detectors The thallium-activated sodium iodide detector, or NaI(Tl) detector, responds to the gamma ray by producing a small flash of light, or a scintillation. The scintillation occurs when scintillator electrons, excited by the energy of the photon, return to their ground state.

What are the commonly used radiation detectors?

Geiger-Mueller counter, commonly called the Geiger counter is the most commonly used detector. A central wire in between a gas-filled tube at high voltage is used to collect the ionization produced by incident radiation.

How is detector efficiency calculated?

the efficiency of the detector for radiation from the sample must be calculated using formula ε(E) = ω ε0(E), finding the value of the coefficient ω for the relation (2). For a cylindrical container l = H and for a complex-shaped container l = H – h.

What is the best app to detect radiation?

GammaPix™ is a smartphone application available for both Android and iPhone operating systems that uses the smartphone camera sensor to detect and measure ionizing radiation fields. The software analyzes digital images produced by a smartphone camera to determine the local gamma-ray radiation environment.

Can a mobile phone detect radiation?

Although the smartphone is not as accurate as a conventional detector, it is useful enough to detect radiation before the radiation reaches hazardous levels. It can also be used for personal dose assessments and as an alarm for the presence of high radiation levels.