What is the Greek subjunctive mood?

The subjunctive mood (Greek ὑποτακτική (hupotaktikḗ) “for arranging underneath”, from ὑποτάσσω (hupotássō) “I arrange beneath”) along with the indicative, optative, and imperative, is one of the four moods of the Ancient Greek verb.

What are the Greek moods?

Ancient Greek verbs have four moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive and optative), three voices (active, middle and passive), as well as three persons (first, second and third) and three numbers (singular, dual and plural).

What is the infinitive mood in Greek?

The Infinitive Mood. The INFINITIVE is another common mood of Greek verbs. The infinitive refers to the action without person or number. As a result, it needs only a single ending to mark tense and voice. The ending –ναι forms the Present Active Infinitive for the verbs in this lesson.

Do Greek participles have mood?

Moods are forms of the verb that express how the action or event is presented by the speaker. There are three moods in Greek: the indicative, the subjunctive and the imperative. The infinitive and the participle are condidered as moods as well.

How do you translate subjunctive verbs?

However three moods of a verb exist in Latin. The indicative mood expresses facts. The imperative mood expresses commands. The subjunctive expresses an element of uncertainty, often a wish, desire, doubt or hope….Lesson 9 – Subjunctive.

I am happy	Indicative
Be happy	Imperative
I wish I were happy	Subjunctive

How do you translate the aorist subjunctive?

Linguistically, it just means that the verb form is “unmarked” – sort of like the “infinitive” of any verb today. An English example might be “I go”. A definite action in the present. Compared to the modified forms for past, “I went” or the future “I will go”, it just is .

What is an aorist active subjunctive in Greek?

Explanation: Definition: a verb tense, as in Classical Greek, expressing action or, in the indicative mood, past action, without further limitation or implication.

What does the word jussive mean?

: a word, form, case, or mood expressing command.

What is indicative mood in Greek?

Indicative—the indicative mood presents information as true. For example, “Yesterday, I ate pizza for dinner. Today, I am eating pizza for dinner. Tomorrow, I will eat pizza for dinner.” Imperative—the imperative mood is used to give commands, prohibitions, and to make requests.

What are the examples of subjunctive mood?

The subjunctive mood appears in many different types of sentences. As a dependent clause: “If you would propose to me, I would say yes.” To describe a hypothetical: “She acts as though she is already CEO.” In past subjunctive form: “I would be a doctor if I had studied harder in school.”

What is hortatory subjunctive?

Grammatically, the Hortatory Subjunctive is simply a First Person Plural (ie: we) Verb in the Present Subjunctive. For example, festinamus means we are hurrying while festinemus means Let’s hurry! vivemus means we live while vivamus means Let’s live! amamus means we love while amemus means Let’s Love!

What is the Volitive subjunctive?

Volitive Subjunctive. The Volitive subjunctive expresses one’s will, what one wants to be the case, and it subdivides into five categories: the hortatory subjunctive, the jussive subjunctive, the prohibitive subjunctive, the concessive subjunctive, and the deliberative subjunctive.

What is the jussive subjunctive?

Jussive Subjunctive. The Jussive Subjunctive may be used just like the imperative to give direct commands; in other words, it is the direct expression of the duty or obligation that rests on someone. Unlike the Imperative, however, you may use it in any number or person.

What is the subjunctive mood in Greek?

The subjunctive mood (Greek ὑποτακτική ( hupotaktikḗ) “for arranging underneath”, from ὑποτάσσω ( hupotássō) “I arrange beneath”) along with the indicative, optative, and imperative, is one of the four moods of the Ancient Greek verb.

What is the perfect subjunctive in Greek?

The perfect subjunctive is very rare. It is usually made from the perfect participle plus the subjunctive of εἰμί, although occasionally the endings are added directly to the stem. Instead of δῷ and γνῷ Homer has δώῃ and γνώῃ.

What are the moods of Greek verbs?

We have already learned three moods of Greek verbs: the indicative, infinitive, and the imperative. The INDICATIVE mood indicates FACTS about actions or states. The INFINITIVE mood is a VERBAL NOUN. The IMPERATIVE mood is used to give COMMANDS.

What is the subjunctive of εἰμί?

For the ACTIVE voice, the subjunctive personal endings are as follows: These personal endings are the same form as the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE of εἰμί. For this verb, note that: The present subjunctive of εἰμί is not enclitic.