What is ZMC fracture?

Zygomaticomaxillary Complex (ZMC) fractures result from blunt trauma to the periorbital area (viz. malar eminence). ZMC fractures are also referred to as tripod, trimalar, tetrapod, quadripod, or malar fractures.

What is malar tripod?

Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures, also known as tripod, tetrapod, quadripod, malar or trimalar fractures, are seen in the setting of traumatic injury to the face.

Why is it called tripod fracture?

The zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, also known as a quadripod fracture, quadramalar fracture, and formerly referred to as a tripod fracture or trimalar fracture, has four components, three of which are directly related to connections between the zygoma and the face, and the fourth being the orbital floor.

When should a ZMC fracture be repaired?

The most common indication for surgery in ZMC fractures is displacement and rotation, and most displaced ZMC fractures should be treated surgically. If reduction is not performed properly, facial asymmetry will be prominent, as the result of lowering the malar prominent point [2].

What are the common signs and symptoms of ZMC fractures?

The most common symptoms associated with ZMC fractures include pain, edema, and ecchymosis of the cheek and eyelids. Malar flattening and palpable periorbital step-offs, often occur. The traumatic force and pull of the masseter muscle may result in medial, inferior, and posterior rotation of the zygoma.

What nerves are frequently involved in ZMC fractures?

Paresthesia of the face is a common sequela of a ZMC fracture given its proximity to sensory nerves such as the infraorbital nerve, the zygomaticofacial nerve, and the zygomaticotemporal nerve (all branches of cranial nerve V2).

What is Gillies approach?

Temporal (Gillies) approach – Skin incision The Gillies technique describes a temporal incision (2 cm in length), made 2.5 cm superior and anterior to the helix, within the hairline. A temporal incision is made. Care is taken to avoid the superficial temporal artery.

What sutures are involved in tripod fractures?

Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture (Tripod Fracture) Buttresses: two major buttresses of the ZMC are the upper transverse maxillary (across the zygomaticomaxillary and zygomaticotemporal sutures) and the lateral vertical maxillary (across the zygomaticomaxillary and frontozygomatic sutures)

How do you test for zygomatic fracture?

Diagnosis of zygomatic complex fractures is usually clinical, with confirmation by computed tomography (CT) scan [6]. The integrity of the zygomatic complex is fundamental in maintaining normal facial width and prominence of the cheek.

What is zygomatic buttress?

the structural pillar of the mid-face that extends superiorly from the maxillary ridge through the zygomatic bone to the frontal and temporal bones.

What is Gillies temporal approach?

What is a Transantral approach?

A transantral approach allows access to the orbital floor via the maxillary sinus. This approach may be especially useful when repairing a floor fracture of the trap door variety. Achieve exposure of the incision site with upper labial retraction exposing the buccal-gingival sulcus.

Which bone is involved with tripod fracture?

tri·pod frac·ture. a facial fracture involving the three supports of the malar prominence, the arch of the zygomatic bone, the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, and the zygomatic process of the maxillary bone.

What is zygomaticomaxillary buttress?

The ZM buttress begins in the region above the first molar and continues up the lateral maxilla through the zygomatic bone along the lateral orbital rim through the frontal process of the zygoma and then through the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.

What is the right zygoma?

The zygomatic bone (zygoma) is an irregularly shaped bone of the skull. It is often referred to as the cheekbone, and it comprises the prominence just below the lateral side of the orbit.

What is zygoma bone?

The zygomatic bone (or zygoma) is a paired, irregular bone that defines the anterior and lateral portions of the face. The zygomatic complex is involved in the protection of the contents of the orbit and the contour of the face and cheeks.[1]

Can well Luc operation?

Caldwell-Luc surgery, Caldwell-Luc operation, also known as Caldwell-Luc antrostomy, and Radical antrostomy, is an operation to remove irreversibly damaged mucosa of the maxillary sinus. It is done when maxillary sinusitis is not cured by medication or other non-invasive technique.

Where is the maxillary antrum?

It forms the inferior aspect of the lateral wall of the nose. Contained within it is the nasolacrimal duct. The exit of this duct is approximately 1 cm from the pyriform rim. The ostium of the maxillary antrum is traditionally described emptying into the posterior aspect of the hiatus semilunaris.

What are the surgical approaches commonly used in treatment of ZMC fractures?

Common surgical approaches to the ZMC buttresses include sublabial, lateral orbit, lower eyelid, and scalp incisions. These incisions should be used in a hierarchical fashion starting with the sublabial incision.

Are there 2 zygomatic bones?

In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone….

Zygomatic bone
TA98	A02.1.14.001 A02.1.14.005
TA2	818
FMA	52747
Anatomical terms of bone

What muscles attach to zygomatic bone?

Zygoma Muscle Attachments

• Zygomaticus major.
• Zygomaticus minor.
• Masseter.
• Lateral palpebrae ligament (part of the levator palpebrae superioris)
• Levator labii superioris (the origin is the maxillary border of the zygomatic bone)

What is cheekbone called?

zygomatic bone, also called cheekbone, or malar bone, diamond-shaped bone below and lateral to the orbit, or eye socket, at the widest part of the cheek.

What is nasal antrostomy?

Maxillary antrostomy is a surgical procedure to enlarge the opening (ostium) of the maxillary sinus. This allows for further surgical intervention within the maxillary sinus cavity as well as improved sinus drainage.

Which of the following is a postoperative complication of a Caldwell-Luc?

The most common postoperative complications in the Caldwell-Luc approach are represented by facial swelling or numbness, facial and cheek dis- comfort, facial asymmetry, facial paresthesia in the suborbital region, hemorrhage, persistent subor- bital neuralgias, oro-antral fistulas, gingival-labial fistulas, dental …

What is left maxillary antrum?

The pyramid-shaped maxillary sinus (or antrum of Highmore) is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, and drains into the middle meatus of the nose through the osteomeatal complex. Maxillary sinus. Outline of bones of face, showing position of air sinuses. Maxillary sinus is shown in blue. Left maxilla, medial view.

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