What kind of receptor is CXCR4?

CXCR-4 is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called CXCL12), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. CXCR4 is one of several chemokine co-receptors that HIV can use to infect CD4+ T cells.

Is CXCR4 AG protein-coupled receptor?

The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily of proteins, the largest class of integral membrane proteins encoded in the human genome, comprising greater than 30% of current drug targets.

What does CXCR4 bind to?

Both CCR5 and CXCR4 belong to GPCR family of transmembrane proteins and have seven transmembrane helices (Figure 3a). In the crystal structure, CXCR4 is bound to an inhibitor peptide (magenta in Figure 3a) that penetrates deeply into the extracellular pocket of the receptor.

How is CXCR4 regulated?

Functional characterization of the CXCR4 promoter has revealed that Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1 (NRF-1) is the major transcription factor positively regulating the transcription of CXCR4 [28, 29], although a potential role for an additional transcription factor, SP-1, has also been suggested [29].

Are all chemokine receptors Gpcrs?

Chemokine receptor function and regulation Chemokine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and are divided into four classes, named according to the type of chemokine (CC, CXC, CX3C or XC) with which they interact.

What is CXCR4 function?

Normal Function The CXCR4 gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein that spans the outer membrane of cells, specifically white blood cells and cells in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

Is CCR5 on macrophages or T cells?

CCR5 is expressed in lymphoid organs such as the thymus and spleen, as well as in peripheral blood leukocytes, including macrophages and T-cells.

Do B cells express CXCR3?

Here, we show that in vivo, CXCR3 is expressed only on a fraction of human memory B cells, preferentially those expressing IgG1. Once induced, the expression of this chemokine receptor is maintained during plasma-cell differentiation.

What are CXCR4 and CCR5?

CXCR4 is the fusogenic receptor that promotes entry of T-tropic HIV-1 strains, while CCR5 allows entry of M-tropic HIV-1 strains (13–20). The importance of these findings recently has been underscored by the finding that individuals deficient in CCR5 remain uninfected in the face of high-risk exposure to virus (22–24).

What is the function of CXCR4?

The CXCR4 gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein that spans the outer membrane of cells, specifically white blood cells and cells in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Receptor proteins have specific sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks.

What type of protein is encoded by CCR5 crk5 gene?

The CCR5 protein belongs to the beta chemokine receptors family of integral membrane proteins. It is a G protein–coupled receptor which functions as a chemokine receptor in the CC chemokine group. CCR5’s cognate ligands include CCL3, CCL4 (also known as MIP 1α and 1β, respectively), and CCL3L1.

Is TNF alpha a chemokine?

TNF-alpha-induced chemokine production and apoptosis in human neural precursor cells.