Where are Holothuroidea located?

They are found in all seas at all depths. Some ocean trenches contain more than 90% of the total biomass. Sea cucumbers are considered a delicacy in many countries around the world.

Which side of the sea cucumber is the Aboral side?

The anterior end of the animal, containing the mouth, corresponds to the oral pole of other echinoderms (which, in most cases, is the underside), while the posterior end, containing the anus, corresponds to the aboral pole. Thus, compared with other echinoderms, sea cucumbers can be said to be lying on their side.

How does the hydro vascular system work?

The system consists of a central ring canal and radial canals extending along each arm. Water circulates through these structures allowing for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange. A structure on top of the body, called the madreporite, regulates the amount of water in the water vascular system.

What are the 5 classes of phylum echinodermata?

Echinodermata: Systematics. In traditional taxonomy, there are five classes of living echinoderms: Crinoidea (sea lilies), Asteroidea (starfish), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars or snake stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers).

How do you tell the difference between the Aboral and oral surfaces?

The oral surface, with ambulacral regions and tube feet, covers most of the sphere. The aboral surface is only a small disc at the top. In most sea urchins, spines also extend from the oral surface, usually between the rows of tube feet.

What is the meaning of ambulacral groove?

ambulacral groove: (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) A groove or furrow bordered by large spines extending along the oral surface of each arm of sea stars, that contain two to four rows of small tubular projections called feet or podia.

What is the purpose of a madreporite?

The madreporite /ˌmædrɪˈpɔːraɪt/is a light colored calcareous opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It acts like a pressure-equalizing valve.

What are three essential body functions carried out by the water vascular system?

The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.

Do Holothuroidea have ossicles?

Ossicles (known also as sclerites) are anatomical features that can discriminate Holothuroidea species, including the closely related ones of the genus Holothuria.

What is Aboral direction?

ab·o·rad. , aboral (ab-ō’rad, -răl), In a direction away from the mouth; opposite of orad.

What is Aboral surface?

In biology, aboral surfaces are surfaces away from or opposite the mouth. The term is a compound of the Latin preposition ā, a, abs, meaning from or away from and the noun ōs, ōris n., meaning mouth. It is also the opposite of oral which is the end containing the mouth of a radially symmetrical animal.

What is the difference between open and closed ambulacral grooves?

If the radial canals run down the ambulacral grooves and are not covered by plates then the system is considered “open”, if the radial canals are primarily internal and externalized through pores, the system is “closed”.

What does the Ambulacral system do?

It is a system of canals and body wall appendages and also term as ambulacral system which functions as a means of locomotion. It consists of sieve plates, stone canal, water ring or ring canal, radial canals and podia or tube feet.

What is the meaning of Ambulacral groove?