What is CMS in plants?

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. CMS systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in self-pollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops.

What causes cytoplasmic male sterility in plants?

Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes.

What is CMS line in rice?

Three-line system, which is composed by three different breeding lines: the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line (A line), the maintainer line (B line), and the restorer line (R line), is a main system in hybrid rice production.

What is male sterility in plants explain?

Plant male sterility refers to the failure in the production of fertile pollen. It occurs spontaneously in natural populations and may be caused by genes encoded in the nuclear (genic male sterility; GMS) or mitochondrial (cytoplasmic male sterility; CMS) genomes.

What are the applications of cytoplasmic male sterility?

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely applied tool for efficient hybrid seed production. Encoded in the mitochondrial genome, CMS is maternally inherited, and thus, it can be challenging to apply in breeding schemes of allogamous self-incompatible plant species, such as perennial ryegrass.

What are the types of male sterility?

(3) Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility. There are two other types, viz., chemical induced male sterility, and transgenic male sterility. Almost all crop plants possess male sterility if investigated property.

How do you develop a CMS line?

The stable CMS lines could be developed by selecting the maintainer plants that are tolerant to temperature fluctuations, by eliminating the modifier gene(s) through maintainer plant selection and by screening the progeny under low temperature conditions for maximum expression of the trait (Gniffke et al. 2009).

What is AB and R lines?

A line is the cytoplasm-genetic male sterile line where the male sterility is jointly controlled by recessive nuclear gene and sterile cytoplasm. B-line is isogenic line of A-line, only difference in male sterility and fertility. R-line possesses fertility restoration gene [2].

What is male sterility and types?

Male Sterility. Male sterility is defined as an absence or non-function of pollen grain in plant or incapability of plants to produce or release functional pollen grains. The use of male sterility in hybrid seed production has a great importance as it eliminate the process of mechanical emasculation.

What is plant sterility?

consider a plant as sterile whenever it is unable to produce viable. offspring. A plant is self-sterile if it cannot produce offspring by. self fertilization, and cross-sterile with other plants if it cannot. produce offspring by cross fertilization with them, whether they.

What are the 3 lines requires in cytoplasmic genetic male sterility?

Hybrid seed production using Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) is based on three line system i.e. A, B and R line.

Which method is used for overcome cytoplasmic male sterile?

Cytoplasmic male sterility can be countermanded by certain nuclear genes which are called restorers of fertility (Rf). These genes can restore full pollen fertility to male sterile cytoplasms. Each cms type is distinguished on the basis of the specific nuclear genes which restore pollen fertility (Duvick, 1965).

What is plant sterile?

Sterile male plants are plants which are incapable of producing pollen. This is sometimes attributed to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA which affects the Tapetum cells in anthers which are responsible for nursing developing pollen.

How do you maintain a CMS line?

The CMS or A-line (Srfrf) is maintained by crossing it with the maintainer or B-line (Nrfrf), and the progeny are 100% male sterile. This reduces hybrid seed cost and ensures purity of the F1 seed (Yang et al. 2008).

What are the three line system?

In three line system of hybrid rice variety development system, three lines, A, B and R are required. A line is the cytoplasm-genetic male sterile line where the male sterility is jointly controlled by recessive nuclear gene and sterile cytoplasm.

What is breeder seed?

Answer 1: Breeder seed: Breeder seed is seed or vegetative propagating material directly controlled by the originating or sponsoring plant breeder of the breeding programme or institution and/ or seed whose production is personally supervised by a qualified plant breeder and which provides the source for the initial …

Are there sterile plants?

Such sterile flowers exist in many genera, including Viburnum (Adoxaceae) and Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae), and in the Asteraceae family, and are considered to be an evolutionary consequence of long-term ecological selection by pollinator attraction, which plays an important role in enhancing reproductive success ( …

What is male sterility and its types?

How many types of male sterility are there?

three basic
There are three basic types of male sterility, viz.: There are two other types, viz., chemical induced male sterility, and transgenic male sterility. Almost all crop plants possess male sterility if investigated property.

What is a sterile seed?

Sterility in a plant means that the pollen or ova it produces are not viable and cannot result in the formation of an embryo. Reduced fertility means that if you acquire a seed batch from parent plants, a very low number will germinate and there will be deformities.